|
Glossary of Print Terms & Paper Sizes
INTERNATIONAL PAPER AND BOARD SIZES
| A SERIES -
for all printing work |
C
SERIES - for envelopes or folders to take A series items
|
|
SIZE
2A
A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
|
MILLIMETRES
1189x 1682
841 X 1189
594 X 841
420 X 594
297 X 420
210 X 297
148 X 210
105 X 148
74 X 105
52 X 74
37 X 52 |
SIZE
C4
C5
C6
DL
STOCK SIZES
RA0
RA1
RA2
|
MILLIMETRES
229 X 324
162 X 229
114 X 162
110 X 220
860 X 1220
610 X 860
430 X 640
|
|
B SERIES - for posters, wall
charts, etc
|
STOCK SIZES for bleeds and extra
trims
|
|
SIZE
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
|
MILLIMETRES
1000 X 1414
707 X 1000
500 X 707
353 X 500
250 X 353
176 X 250
|
SIZE
SRA0
SRA1
SRA2
|
MILLIMETRES
900 x 1280
640 x 900
450 x 640
|
You may find yourself baffled by some
of the paper & print terminology, so we are happy to reproduce
here a list of some terms and their meanings.
|
A | B | C
| D | E | F
| G | H | I
| J | K |
L | M | N |
O | P | Q | R
| S | T | U
| V | W | X
| Y | Z |
-A-
A
SHEET
- The
reference sometimes used for a carbonless top sheet (i.e.
the first part of a carbonless multipart form, CB coated).
ABRASION
RESISTANCE
- The
resistance of an ink to removal by scratching or rubbing.
ABSORBENCY - The extent
to which a paper will take up and hold a liquid.
ABSORPTION
- The first stage of drying an ink when printed onto
a porous material.
ACID-FREE
PAPER
- In principle, paper which does not contain any
free acid. Special precautions are taken during manufacture
to eliminate any active acid that might be in the furnish,
in order to increase the longevity of the finished paper.
ADDITIVE - Any
non-fibrous component of the stock or material added in small
quantity to a coating, in order to confer special properties
to the paper.
ADHESION
- The
bond between ink and the material on which it is printed.
AIRMAIL PAPER - Paper
made in the lightest substance consistent with strength and
a good surface, for reasons of postage costs. Generally produced
in white, off white or a pale blue, usually below 40 g/m2.
ALUM - A term commonly,
but mistakenly, applied in the paper industry to various qualities
of Aluminium Sulphate.
ALUMINIUM PAPER -
Packaging paper made by mixing aluminium powder into the furnish
or by coating or laminating the sheet with aluminium powder.
AMBIENT CONDITIONS -
The conditions surrounding a particular piece of equipment,
such as temperature and humidity.
ANTIQUE - A quality
bulky paper, particularly opaque, with a rough surface finish.
It can be made in white or in colours, be deckle-edged, and
either laid or wove. A good printing surface is a feature
of this grade, which is often used for more expensive books.
ANTI SET-OFF SPRAY -
A device used on the delivery end of a printing machine to
prevent set-off by projecting a fine spray, of liquid or powder
at the sheet.
APPARENT DENSITY -
The quotient of the grammage of a paper and its thickness
in micrometers.
AQUEOUS - Aqueous
inks or other coatings have formulations based on water, as
opposed to organic solvents.
ARCHIVAL PAPER
- Paper intended for permanent records and usually subject
to a specification covering strength and chemical properties.
Often used for legal documents.
ART PAPER - This
is a generic term given to woodfree coated papers, which has
traditionally referred to papers in the upper quality bracket
and which have a highly polished surface. Today the term is
less used because of the introduction of more categories in
the sector. However, "Real Art" is still used for
those woodfree coated papers, gloss or matt, which are considered
to be of the very highest quality.
ARTWORK -
Original illustrative copy or typesetting, ready for reproduction,
at pre-film stage.
ARTWORK ON DISK -
Complete,
requiring no edits, ready to output to final film or direct
to plate, and provided in recognised commercial software such
as Illustrator, Freehand, Coreldraw, Pagemaker, In Design,
Quark Express, or Photoshop.
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-B-
B
SHEET -
The reference sometimes used for
a carbonless middle sheet of a carbonless multipart set, (CFB
coated).
BACK UP - To print
on the reverse side of a printed sheet.
BANKS AND BONDS
- A range of printing and writing papers, the better qualities
of which were at one time made largely from rags. The heavier
substance papers, above a substance of about 60 g/m2, are
often used for correspondence and letterheads, and are known
as bonds, while the lighter weights called banks used largely
for file copy papers have less use today with the introduction
of the automated office.
BASE BOARD - Board
intended for coating, laminating, etc.
BASE PAPER
- Name given to the base sheet for off-machine coating, or
paper intended to be converted, e.g. by a coating process
or by impregnation. The term is sometimes used also for paper
to which a layer of other material (aluminium, plastics, etc.)
is bonded. Also called Body Paper or Rawstock.
BASIS WEIGHT -
The weight of paper defined in grams per square metre (g/m2).
BIBLE PAPER - Very
thin printing papers. Originally made specifically for Bibles
and prayer books, this grade of paper is also used for other
commercial purposes, such as dictionaries, where many pages
are required with an overall low volume. Bible paper is also
known as India paper.
BINDER - The adhesive
used to stick the layers of coating together and to the paper
or board surface. The most frequently used binder is starch,
but synthetic binders are also used to give improved performance.
BIODEGRADABLE -
A substance which will decompose as the result of action by
bacteria and other living organisms.
BLADE-COATED PAPER
- Paper coated by a process in which the freshly applied wet
coating is smoothed and the excess removed by a thin, flexible
metal blade which bears on the coated surface
BLANKET CYLINDER
- The cylinder on a litho printing machine, covered with a
rubber (or similar) blanket, which conveys the image from
the plate to the sheet.
BLEACHING - A chemical
treatment used to whiten, brighten and improve the performance
of pulp.
BLEED - The part
of a printed image beyond the area to which the finished sheet
will be cut.
BLIND EMBOSSED
- A logo, text or design which has been relief stamped into
a sheet of paper, onto which no printing ink has been added.
BLISTER PACK
- This term describes a packaging system which is a combination
of board and plastics. The product is sealed to the board
by a transparent plastic film. This system is often used for
small products of difficult shapes and sizes.
BLOTTINGS - Highly
absorbent papers which can be watermarked, white or in colours.
With the advent of the ball-point pen, the original use where
hand writing ink is absorbed has greatly reduced demand.
BOARDS - A term
applied to paper above an accepted weight. The substance when
paper becomes known as board varies a great deal between manufacturers
and can vary from as low as 180 g/m2 to as high as 250 g/m2.
The lower substance definition usually refers to boards in
the graphic sector.
BOOKJACKET PAPER
- Term applied to the printed dust cover or wrapper used to
cover books or similar publications; usually a high quality
coated grade in the higher substance range. Also called Jacket
Paper.
BROMIDE - A black
and white positive or proof on photographic paper. Traditionally
made by contact printing negative film onto white photographic
paper (bromide paper) this term now also encompasses positives
made by Contact Transfer (CT) or Photomechanical Transfer
(PMT).
BULK - A term applied
to the substance, thickness and feel of a paper.
BULK PACKED ON PALLETS (BPOP)
- A method of packing paper in which the sheets are not wrapped
in parcels but stacked on the pallet, tabbed at the required
intervals to indicate quantity and over-wrapped.
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-C-
C-SHEET
- The reference used for a carbonless bottom sheet (the bottom
sheet of a multi part set) (CF coated).
CB, CF, CFB - See
Carbonless Paper.
CARBON PAPER -
A thin woodfree or part mechanical paper coated on one side
with colouring agent or carbon black dispersed in a suitable
medium, e.g. wax, which is transferred to a sheet of paper
underneath when pressure is applied.
CARBONLESS COPY PAPER
- NCR. This consists of two sheets of paper,
the underside of the top sheets (called CB for coated back)
is coated with colourless dye in minute gelatine capsules.
The underneath sheet (CF coated front) is coated with a reactive
chemical which turns blue or black when mixed with the colourless
dye. Pressure from a pen or typewriter on the top sheet causes
the gelatine capsules to break, the dye and chemical then
mix and the blue or black copy appears on the bottom sheet.
There is also an intermediate paper (CFB coated front and
back), used between the top and bottom sheets to make multi-part
sets. Some types of carbonless paper are not separately coated
but incorporate both parts of the dye mechanism within the
one sheet.
CARTRIDGE PAPER
- Slightly rough coated or uncoated printing surfaced paper
used for a variety of graphic purposes such as envelopes.
Generally noted for good dimensional stability, high opacity
and good bulk.
CHEQUE OR SECURITY PAPERS
- The grade carrying this term is printed on a paper with
a sensitised body as a protection against fraud. Of good quality,
the paper is chemically treated in such a way as to show any
sign of unauthorised change. Additionally, the paper can contain
certain fibres that can only be detected under special light.
Another, cheaper type is used for receipt books, forms and
coupons.
CHINA CLAY - A
naturally occurring mineral, consisting essentially of hydrated
silicate of alumina, used as a filler or as a component in
paper coating.
CLEAN EDGE - Refers
to a very fine perforation line which simulates the effect
of a guillotine cut edge (Also known as Micro-Perf).
COATED PAPER OR BOARD
- Material coated on one or both sides
with a mixture of china clay, latex and other loadings to
fill up surface pits and improve the printing surface. The
process can be accomplished either on-line on the papermaking
machine or away from the papermaking machine, as a separate
operation. There are a variety of coating methods, these include:
roll coating, blade coating, air knife coating and brush coating,
or combinations of these types. A very high quality form of
off-machine coating is cast coating.
COCKLE - Local
deformation of a sheet of paper due to unequal shrinkage giving
it a slightly crumpled appearance.
COLOUR CORRECTION
- Method used to improve the reproduction of the colour
original.
COMPUTER TO PLATE
- Process in which printing plates are imaged from a digital
file instead of using film.
CONSTAT - Abbreviation
for continuous stationery.
CONTINUOUS STATIONERY
- A grade widely used on modern high speed accounting and
similar machines. The paper is supplied in reel form and along
with the printing process many finishing techniques can be
used, such as perforation and special folds. A particular
use is for invoices, statements and similar documents, when
it is normally fan-folded.
CROMALIN - A high
quality proof used as an accurate colour guide.
CTP
-
Computer to plate. - Printing an image directly from a computer
to polyester or metal plates.
CURL
- Sheet distortion leading to a tendency to roll up.
CUTTING TO REGISTER
- Operation of slitting and cutting watermarked paper so that
the watermark design falls in a given position in every sheet.
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-D-
DENSITOMETER
- An instrument for measuring the density of a colour or differences
in tone.
DENSITY - The density
of a printed image.
DESENSITISING AREA
- An area on the surface side of a CF or CFB carbonless product
which has been rendered inert to producing a carbonless copy.
DIE CUTTABILITY -
Suitability of paper and board for die cutting into blanks of
a given shape.
DIGITAL PAPER -
Paper specifically designed for digital printing technology.
DIGITAL PRINTING -
The printing process where an image is applied to the substrate
directly from a digital file rather than using plates or film.
DIGITAL PROOFING
- Proofing directly from digital files instead of using film
to create proofs.
DOT GAIN - The increase
in size of a dot in a tone print that takes place when it is
printed, as compared with its size on the photographic positive
or negative.
DOUBLE BUMP - The
application of two layers of ink to achieve greater opacity
or more intense colour.
DOWN TIME - None
productive time when a paper or machine is being maintained
or cleaned.
DPI - Stands for
Dots Per Inch, usually in the context of semitone or process
printing, which refers to the frequency of dots appearing. The
greater the DPI, the finer the print.
DUCT - The trough
on a printing machine, usually including an adjustable blade,
which contains the supply of ink and by means of which the ink
is presented to the duct roller.
DUCT ROLLER - The
cylinder in the duct of a printing machine, which, in conjunction
with the adjustable knife blade, regulates the amount of ink
applied to the feed roller.
DUMMY - An
unprinted representation of the text pages of a book or magazine
made by folding and collating sheets of the intended quality,
size and grammage of paper so that an idea may be formed of
the general appearance and thickness of the final result.
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-E-
EMBOSSED
PAPER
- Paper on which a raised and/or depressed
design has been produced by pressure, generally between an
engraved or otherwise patterned steel roll or plate and a
paper of cotton backing or "bowl".
EMULSIFICATION -
Dispersion of water into the ink during printing. An excess
of this may cause printing difficulties.
EMULSION COATED PAPER
- Paper coated by any suitable coating process with plastics
or resign applied in the form of an emulsion.
ENCODING - Characters
that are printed, invariably on cheques, which contain iron,
and which can be recognised by MICR automatic readers. MICR
stands for Magnetic Ink Character recognition.
-F-
FANFOLD
-
A web of paper folded into connected sheets by alternate folds
across the web.
FASTNESS - Resistance
of colour to fading.
FILLER -
A material, generally white mineral matter such as
china clay or calcium carbonate, which is added to the paper
furnish to increase opacity, improve flatness and allow a smoother
finish to be obtained.
FOUNTAIN SOLUTION
- Water, with additives, for application to the lithographic
plate on a printing machine.
-G-
GSM/g/m2
-
Both stand for grammes per square metre, g / m2 is the correct
definition by paper makers but GSM is used more frequently.
60 gsm is a paper which is lighter than an 80 gsm paper.
GHOSTING - There
are two types of Ghosting. One is an image which appears as
a lighter area on a subsequent print, due to local blanket depressions
from previous image areas, another is the spoiling of a print
by an image on it of work on the reverse side which has interfered
with its drying, so that differences in the trapping for some
colours or variations in gloss are apparent.
GLOSS - Gloss can
refer to the reflectivity of paper itself or the the printed
result on it.
GRADUATED SCREEN -
A 'screen' is a series of ink 'dots', printed on to a
paper which gives the appearance of a solid colour. The depth
of screen colour can be deepened by increasing the dot frequency
(see DPI), or the converse. A graduated screen is one where
the DPI is varied across the screen so that you get a fading/deepening
effect across the printing.
GRAIN DIRECTION -
A term applied to the machine direction of papers or boards,
as opposed to the cross direction.
GRAPHIC PAPERS -
Papers for printing and writing.
GRAVURE PRINTING - Process
in which recesses on a printing cylinder are filled with ink
and the surplus removed by a blade. The paper contacts the cylinder
and ' lifts' the ink from the recesses before depositing it
on the paper. Generally used for long-run printing such as magazines
and catalogues.
GREEN PAPER - Immature
paper which has not been conditioned or had the opportunity
to mature naturally.
GREYBOARD - A board
made entirely from waste paper. It can be lined or unlined and
is used for a variety of packaging purposes.
GRIPPER - A device
on a printing machine for holding the sheet during the printing
or finishing process.
GRIPPER ALLOWANCE -
The margin of paper along the gripper edge of the sheet which
is held by the grippers and which therefore cannot be printed.
GUMMED PAPER - Many
different papers are used for this quality. Suitable body papers
are web coated with various types of adhesive which will adhere
to a variety of different surfaces when dampened.
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-H-
HALF
PERF -
A perforation line, usually across the form but not absolutely
so, that does not cross the full dimension of the form.
HALF - TONE - The
representation of tonal gradation by an image composed of dots
of varying sizes, the centres of which are equidistant.
HALF TONE SCREEN
A grid in which the lines and spaces are of equal thickness,
and equidistant, used in photographing an original for plate
or block making.
HATCHING - The printing
of irregular patterns of ink, usually to the surface of sheets
of paper within a multipart set, which render the image created
unreadable - this is to 'hide' certain information which is
required NOT to be read by certain recipients of forms.
HICKEY - A spot
on a printed sheet caused by dust, link or ink imperfections;
particularly noticeable on solids and half-tones.
HIDDEN ENTRY - A
multipart form which has information ' entered' into a 2nd,
3rd, 4th etc leaf, but where that same information is not imprinted
on to the first leaf of the form, i.e. the entry is ' hidden
by virtue of not having a sight of the information on the top
copy, but which is to be seen on subsequent leaves of the set.
-I-
INDEX
BOARD -
This grade is usually a pulp board manfactured with a good
surface suitable for printing and writing. They may be coloured
as well as white, and are supplied in cut sizes.
INKJET PRINTING -
A printer that sprays drops of ink onto the substrate to form
an image.
INK RUB -
A defect, often associated with matt coated papers, in which
parts of a dried ink film are removed by pressure or friction
from another surface.
IVORY BOARD - High
quality board made in white or colours with a bright, clear
appearance, particularly used for visiting cards and similar
high class printed work Original Ivory Board was and still
is made in Holland, although the grade is now made in many
countries
-J-
JUST
IN TIME PRINTING -
Allows
documents to be stored digitally and then produced at a given
time. This type of process allows for only the number of copies
needed to be printed.
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-K-
KEYLINE
-
A line drawn on artwork which indicates an area for tint-laying,
positioning of half-tones, etc. where this must be done at a
later stage.
KRAFT PAPER - Chemical
wood pulp produced by digesting wood by the sulphate process.
Originally a strong unbleachable
KNOCKING UP - Aligning
the edges of a pile of paper.
-L-
LABEL
PAPERS -
A large variety of plain or coloured papers which are made to
be gummed.
LAID LINES - A continuous
watermark consisting of very close parallel lines, generally
associated with spaced lines called chain lines (q.v.) at tight
angles to them.
LAID PAPER - Usually
printing or writing paper with a ribbed appearance caused by
the use of a wire roll or dandy roll at the wet end of the paper
machine.
LAMINATE - A
converted product made by combining together suitable paper
or board either with other paper or board or with other material
such as plastics or metal foil, generally by means of an adhesive,
to form a product with particular qualitites.
LAMINATION - The
process of laminating paper or board with other materials.
LASER PRINTING - Images
are produced through electronic impulses using an intense beam
of focused light.
LAYOUT -
An overall term to describe the design
of the form.
LETTERPRESS - Printing
from images with a raised surface which are inked and impressed
directly onto the surface of the material.
LIGHT FAST - Inks
that will not fade to any significant extent even after prolonged
exposure to light are termed light-fast.
LINE PERF - A
perforated line which runs along the length of a form. Usually
to be used as a separate description of a perf line in the middle
of the form, rather than perf lines that appear at the side
of the form for detaching the sprocket punched holes (see side
perfs.)
LINE WORK - A
printing term used to simply describe printing in which lines
of ink, or perhaps solid blocks of ink appear.
LINT - Surface
fibres released from paper during printing.
LISTING PAPER - A
form of continuous paper, used for computer listings, punched
with sprocket holes at the edges and traditionally printed with
light green horizontal lines set to the same pitch as the printing
device.
LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING
- A flat printing process in which
the non-image areas of the printing plate are made wettable
and the image areas are made to repel water whilst attracting
the printing medium (ink).
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-M-
MICR
-
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition Paper - usually a high quality
bond paper with good surface characteristics and dimensional
stability for printing with magnetic inks for computer sorting.
MAKE-READY - Time
spent preparing a machine to run a specific job. The cost of
this non-productive time is normally passed on to the client,
unlike down time.
MANILLA - Originally
paper made from pulp produced partly or entirely of manilla
hemp, but now mostly composed of softwood kraft pulp.
MATT PAPER - A coated
paper with a dull smooth finish.
MICROPERF - A very
finely cut perforated edge, designed to simulate the effect
of a guillotine cut edge. (Also known as clean edge).
MIS-REGISTER - The
appearance of a printed image out of its correct position.
MOIRE - A French
word used to describe the type of pattern produced when printing
two or more colours in half tone derived from screens, the angles
of which differ by only a few degrees.
MOTTLE - The appearance
of irregular spots or blotches in a printed area that should
be even in colour.
MULTIPART - Refers
to a business form which contains more than one leaf of paper
(both NCR and OTC).
-N-
NCR
-
No Carbon Required. This term has now been superceded by the
term Carbonless.
NIP - The pressure
point between two rollers
.-0-
OCR
- Optical
Character Recognition Paper - similar to MICR paper.
OMR - Optical Mark
Recognition. It is the process whereby the typed or written
position of a "mark" (i.e. a "tick") on
a piece of paper denotes an instruction to an electronic forms
processing device. i.e. Lottery Ticket.
OTC - One time carbon
which is very thin carbon paper designed to be used within a
form just one time.
OVER-RUN - Sheets
or copies produced in excess of the required number.
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-P-
PAGES
-
Interpret pages as "sides". i.e. a 2 page A4 is
a double sided A4 sheet, a 4 page A4 is 4 sides of A4, i.e.
an A3 double sided sheet folded in half.
PMS
- Abbreviation for Pantone Mixing
System. This is an ink system where eight primary colours
are mixed in defined ratios to achieve a specific colour.
If a client asks for a specific Pantone Colour they will quote
a Pantone Reference, i,e, PMS 357. All printers then understand
the reference and know how to achieve the colour required.
PAPERMARK
- A mark placed in the paper after it has been
made and not during the papermaking process. The mark
can be produced through printing, chemical application or
embossing. Some marks are good imitations of a watermark,
but are imitations.
PARTICLE GUMMED - A
paper with a 'lick and stick' gummed coating on the reverse
of the paper. Particle gumming results in a matt finish to
the paper and is undetectable to the human eye.
PERFECTING - Printing
both sides of the substrate at the same pass through a printing
machine.
PICKING - The rupture
of the surface of paper during manufacture or printing, which
occurs when an external tensile force applied to the surface
(eg from an ink which is too tacky) is greater than the cohesion
of the paper.
PRIMARY COLOURS -
Standard ink colours that are supplied by ink manufacturers
and which do not require mixing by a printer. See also Pantone.
But primary colours need not be only the PMS primary colours.
NB If your customer names a colour, eg Royal Blue, ask your
printer to provide samples or proofs ot his colour for customer's
approval before printing is given the go-ahead.
PROCESS PRINTING/PROCESS COLOURS -
All fine colour reproduction of photographs or artists works
is printed via the 'process' method. Described simply, each
photograph is rephotographed through red, blue, yellow and
grey colour filters. This produces four images, which in turn
leads to the production of four printing plates, one each
of which will print a red, blue (cyan), yellow and black image.
Each colour is superimposed, one on the other, to achieve
a full colour effect, i.e. colour process printing is the
reproduction of artwork via four colours only.
PROOF - A pre-production
print, made for the purpose of checking accuracy of layout,
type matter, tone & colour reproduction.
PULP BOARD - Also
known as Printers Board, this grade is made from a single
web of pulp on a papermarking machine, and is produced in
various substances. Used for index cards and other general
products, these boards may be white or coloured.
-Q-
QUIRE
-
Traditional term for one twentieth of
a ream. The traditional ream was 480 sheets, so the quire was
24 sheets.
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-R-
REAL
ART -
See Art Paper
RECYCLED
PAPER -
Paper made all or in part from recycled pulp.
RECYCLED PULP
- Pulp made from waste paper or board
and used to make paper. It may or may not be de-inked. The quality
of the fibres deteriorates with recycling, so paper cannot be
endlessly recycled.
REEL TO REEL -
A machine on which the material is supplied in reel form and
comes off the machine also in reel form.
REGISTER - The accurate
positioning of images on a sheet relative to one another.
REGISTER MARKS -
A set of fine line crosses or other suitable devices added to
original artwork to provide reference points for accurate subsequent
multi-colour printing or finishing processes.
REPORT GENERATOR -
An element within computer software which dictates the position
and text of information to be produced by the output printer
device on paper stationery. The computer programme which is
the report generator - determines how the business form is to
be designed.
RETARDERS - Slow
drying solvents used for reducing the drying rate of an ink.
REVERSED OUT PRINTING
- Text is normally printed directly onto paper. The
process of 'reversing out' is to print a solid block of colour
while leaving the text to be read as unprinted areas on the
paper, i.e. 'white' text being read on a background of solid
colour - seen often in titles.
REVERSE SIDE PRINTING
- Printing on the underside of a leaf of paper.
RICE PAPER - Sometimes
a material which has the same appearance and purposes as paper
is called 'paper'. Rice paper is an example, since it is not
paper but the sliced and flattened pith of a plant which grows
in Taiwan; it is used by Chinese artists as a surface for painting.
ROYAL - An older
standard paper size, 480mm x 636mm.
RUNNABILITY - The
ability of a paper or board to perform on a printing press or
on converting machinery without problems.
-S-
SCREEN
RULING The
number of lines per inch (or centimetre) on a half-tone or tint
screen, equal to the number of dots per inch on the printed
image.
SECONDARY COLOUR -
Colour made by mixing two primary colours.
SECURITY PAPER - Paper which includes identification
features such as metallic strips and watermarks to assist in
detecting fraud and to prevent counterfeiting.
SELF ADHESIVE PAPER -
Used essentially for labelling purposes, this grade has
a self-adhesive coating on one side and a surface suitable for
printing on the other. The adhesive is protected by a laminate
which enables the sheet to be fed through printers or printing
machines, the laminate subsequently being stripped when the
label is applied.
SELF-SEPARATING GLUE
- A carbonless cut set which has been tip glued using self
separateing glue - a method of production rather than being
of specific importance to the cut set. (known also as Fanapart
glue).
SET-OFF - The unwanted
transfer of printing ink from a printed sheet to a surface facing
it. Not be be confused with Offset.
SHOW THROUGH - The
degree to which printing is visible through paper due to the
low opacity of the paper.
SIDE PERF - A
perforated line running down the side of a continuous business
form, usually 12/13mm in from each side of the form.
SINGLE PART - A
form which has onlhy one leaf of paper.
SMOOTHNESS - The
surface smoothness of paper is measured by the Bendtsen smoothness
test. The test measures the amount of air escaping between an
annular ring and the material surface, and results are measured
in ml/min. Papers having a value higher than 50 are usually
referred to as Matt, below 50 as Silk (sometimes called Satin
or Velvet.)
SPROCKET (HOLE)
- The line of holes at each side of
a continuous form to feed it through output printer devices.
STRIKE-THROUGH -
The effect seen on the back of a
sheet of paper due to excess penetration of printing ink or
vehicle into or through the paper.
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-T-
TACK
-
The property which renders a film of printing ink sticky to
the touch. It is governed by viscosity and adhesion.
THERMAL PAPER -
Thermal papers are high technology products. The base paper
is first pre-coated and then treated with a special emulsion
containing heat-sensitive modifiers, co-reactants, pigments
and colour formers. The heat from a thermal head (eg in a
fax machine) melts the modifier, which in turn dissolves the
co-reactant which allows the colour formers and pigments to
mix, producing a high-contrast image on the paper.
TONER - Chemical
used to create an image in photocopying and laser printing.
-U-
UV VARNISH
- A varnish applied after printing, either as an overall finish
to give a high gloss finish, or applied as a "spot"
varnish to certain previously printed images, then cured using
ultra violet light.
-V-
VEGETABLE
PARCHMENT -
Paper that has been modified by the action of sulphuric acid,
to give it a continuous texture, an increased surface hardness
and a high degree of resistance to penetration by organic liquids
and particularly fats, oils and greases. The structure also
confers on the paper resistance to disintegration by water,
even at boiling point.
VOID HICKEY - A spot
appearing as an inkless hole in a printed image.
-W-
WAFFLING
- Deformation of a sheet caused by excessive
ink tack.
WATERMARK
-
A deliberate design or pattern in paper which is visible when
viewed by transmitted light or against a contrasting background,
made by a dandy roll at the wet end of the papermaking machine.
WET
ON WET - The
superimposing of successive colours while the printed colour
is still wet, in one pass through a printing machine.
WOVE PAPER - Paper
first made as early as 1754 by forming it on a mould with a
cover made from woven wire cloth, hence the name. The paper
has an even opacity and is a type in common use today. The term
is usually applied to stationery grades which are usually either
'wove' or 'laid'.
WORK
AND TUMBLE -
Printing one side of a sheet, then turning
the sheet over, retaining the same sidelay edge but reversing
the front and back edges, and using the same printing plate.
WORK AND TURN -
Printing one side of a sheet, then turning
the sheet over, retaining the same front edge
but moving the sidelay edge of the sheet to the other side of
the press, and sing the same printing plate.
WRINKLES - Creases in paper
caused by uneven moisture absorption.
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-X-
-Y-
-Z-
ZAHN
CUP -
A type of cup used for the measurement of the viscosity of
an ink by measuring the time taken for ink to empty through
a small hole in the base of the cup.
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Updated
19th February 2007
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